For readers, here is the transcript of the video.

The church and the state, so many questions arise out of the roles and responsibilities of these two institutions. Where does the family fit in? What about the economy? Who should care for the poor and jobless? What about medicine and health care? Who’s responsible for justice? What about the care of the elderly or education? Who defines marriage or sexuality? How do we answer these questions biblically?

This is where the theological concept of Sphere Sovereignty helps us out. What is Sphere Sovereignty? For that we must begin with the highest sovereign, the authority above all earthly forms of governance.

The King over All

Jesus said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me” (Matthew 28:18) In Ephesians 1:20–21 the Scriptures tell us that the Father “seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places, far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named.” In Colossians 1:16 it tells us that “by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him.” In fact, Jesus is repeatedly called, “the only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords” (1 Tim 6:15; cf. Rev 17:14; 19:16).

You see, Jesus is not just Lord over his followers, he is Lord over all—his rule extends over all the nations.

Psalm 2, speaking of the Messiah, the Lord Jesus, deserves to be read in full. The Scriptures say,

Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves,  and the rulers take counsel together,  against the Lord and against his Anointed, saying, “Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us.”

He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision. Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, “As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.”

I will tell of the decree: The Lord said to me, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.”

Now therefore, O kings, be wise;  be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the Lord with fear,  and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.

It is therefore clear, in these passages and many others, that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is King over all his creation—over every nation, individual, and institution. All owe their allegiance and obedience to Jesus Christ.

So if Christ is King, what does this mean for institutions like the family, the church, the civil government, and the individual? All come under his rule. But what does this look like?

The Individual

Let’s start with the individual. The Bible tells us that men and women are created in the image of God (Gen 1:27). Therefore every person has inherent dignity, value, and worth. Also, as ones who image God, we all possess inherent accountability and responsibility. The Bible is clear, we will all give an account to God for our words, thoughts, and actions (2 Cor 5:11; Acts 24:15–16; Heb 9:27; Rom 14:1–10; 1 Cor 4:1–5). Along with our responsibility comes liberty. Our liberty is rooted in the image of God. This is why murder, rape, and abuse are wrong. They violate the liberty of an image-bearer. This is also why compelled speech and compelled belief are wrong. Every person has accountability, responsibility, and liberty under the lordship of Christ.

The Family

Next, we consider the family. The family is a kind of government. The husband serves as head and his wife serves as his suitable helper (Col 3:19; Eph 5:25–33). The Bible is clear that a husband lovingly leads like Christ while his wife respectfully submits to her own husband as to the Lord (Gen 2:18; Col 3:18; Eph 5:22–24). The children are called to honor and respect their parents in the Lord (Col 3:20; Eph 6:1). That is, the family government stands directly accountable to the King of kings, the Lord Jesus Christ. And under the rule of Christ, so much responsibility is given to the family. In Scripture, the caring of elderly parents is clearly commanded. We see that the family is the center of business and ownership. The family is the biblical source of welfare, inheritance, and support. The family also has responsibilities for health, provision, and the education of their children.

The Church

Next we have the church. Christ is Lord over the church and he gifts the church with leaders who give an account to Christ on how they lead (Heb 13:17). The church is given a mandate to preach the truth of God’s word; to celebrate the ordinances of baptism and the Lord’s Supper; and to shepherd the flock as they make disciples of the nations and teach them to obey all that Christ has commanded. The church is entrusted with the truth and the task of protecting and promoting the truth.

The Civil Government

Lastly, we have the civil government. The primary function of civil government that we see in Scripture is to be God’s servant who carries out God’s wrath on the wrongdoer (Rom 13:1–7). That is, civil magistrates are to “punish those who do evil and to praise those who do good” (1 Pet 2:13–17). Governments that do not understand that they are God’s servants inevitably use the power of the sword to take responsibility and freedom away from the individual, family, and the church. Only when we understand the biblical place of these institutions do we see how they all are directly responsible to God and used of God to restrain evil and to promote human flourishing for his glory and praise.

Why is this idea of Sphere Sovereignty so useful?

First, sphere sovereignty clarifies our responsibility in serving King Jesus. As a father, I will give an account to the Lord on how I’ve led my wife and children. As a pastor, I will give an account of how I’ve led the church. As a citizen of Canada, I will give an account of how I’ve respected and honored the civil magistrate. As an individual, I will give an account for all my thoughts, words, and actions to Christ. I am saved by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone. And that salvation must be worked out in every sphere of my life.

Second, sphere sovereignty clarifies the jurisdiction of earthly authorities. A frequent question we face is this: When is it prudent or permissible to disobey an earthly authority in obedience to Jesus? Clearly, this would be when (1) an authority forbids what God commands. This might include a civil government forbidding the preaching of the gospel. This might include an unbelieving husband forbidding a wife to worship Christ. In these cases, we must obey God rather than men.

Similarly, we must obey God when (2) an authority commands what God forbids. We are to abstain from evil, even if we are commanded by an earthly authority. There is a higher authority who calls us to holiness.

Lastly, and often forgotten, we obey Jesus rather than men when (3) an earthly authority commands what is not theirs to command. A wife is not under the authority of any man except her husband. She is not bound to follow any other except her husband. Likewise, the government cannot rule in matters given to the family, it has overstepped its God-given role. For example, a child’s education falls under the jurisdiction of the family and not the state. For the state to use its power of coercion in areas of health, like forced sterilization, vaccination, or other medical orders is clearly outside their sphere of responsibility given by Christ. Therefore it is permissible, and maybe prudent, even necessary, for a family, individual, or church to disobey that earthly authority in obedience to Christ and his design for human flourishing.

I’m sure many of you who were not at church this past Sunday are curious as to what happened. Media painted a Sunday morning church service as a big showdown between a renegade pastor and police to make a story where there was none.

It is true, Calgary Police and Peace Officers did show up in a large display of force as Sunday School was finishing. They took many photos, noted license plates, and counted everyone going into and out of the building. Attendees had to make their way through groups of law enforcement and media cameras to enter or exit. Officers remained outside our doors and around the building for hours. It was a very intimidating experience.

To be clear (with video evidence), there were zero heated conversations. There was no standoff. There was no sign on the door that said, “We are not beholden to earthly authorities.” We simply asked them not to enter during our service, pointing them to the Criminal Code (Section 176) which criminalizes the disruption of a religious service or its solemnity. They were free and welcomed to enter before or after the service to perform any inspections—and that’s what they did.

After the service was done, I spoke with police and a health inspector. I thanked them for their patience and respect for our gathering. I mentioned to the police officer in charge that the Bible speaks highly of them as they are servants of God to punish the wrongdoer (Romans 13:4). I expressed sympathy for the loss of a fellow officer in the line of duty and welcomed them to come into the church. They took measurements to get a better count of the maximum occupancy and took note of some of the changes we made since last week (we posted the Alberta COVID signs on the doors and provided disposable masks at the entrance). Our goal is to accommodate as much as we can without interfering with the essential elements of the Lord’s Day worship. No fines were given, and the health inspector will send me the report this week.

Now I know this story wouldn’t make much of a headline. I’m not sure why there were so many officers there. It may be a form of intimidation to discourage us (and others) from gathering.

All this attention for a small group of healthy people, brothers and sisters in Christ, joined together in a covenant with God and with each other. People gathered to sing, give thanks, pray, hear the words of God read and preached, and celebrate the Lord’s Supper according to Jesus’ commands.

Through this, we’ve been portrayed as something we are not. We are not COVID deniers. We are not political activists. We are not seeking a platform—in fact, this attention started with a publicly published AHS report after a complaint was filed against the church. We are not troublemakers—I’ve been in contact with AHS the last few weeks via phone and email and our conversations are always cordial and polite. We are not super-spreaders—we’ve never had a COVID case in or connected to our church. And I’ve been portrayed as driven by money and popularity—laughable for those who know me.

In reality, our church community represents a diverse group of people who have one thing in common—we have been reconciled to the living God through His Son, Jesus Christ. When it comes to COVID-19, lockdowns, and gathering for worship at this time, there are a variety of opinions and convictions represented in our church. Yet as a church, we’ve sought to respect each other, give grace to those who disagree, and provide options to gather or watch online. We all seek to be faithful in our commitments to God, to government, to our fellow church family, and to our community of neighbors. However, our first and foremost allegiance is to follow the will of God, to whom we all must give an account.

From the beginning of this pandemic, we’ve maintained that decisions about your health are yours to make. I’m not sure what the future holds. Please pray. Counsel is welcome. I’ll be in touch later in the week with regard to this coming Sunday.

“Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice. Let your reasonableness be known to everyone. The Lord is at hand; do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 4:4–7).

This past Sunday I received a $1200 fine from City of Calgary bylaw officers for breaking the province’s COVID health orders. It was not that I was the only one in violation of health orders as we gathered to worship God, but as the pastor and leader I was given this fine in an effort to see our entire church comply with the latest COVID regulations.

When the most recent health orders were given on December 10, I wrote to inform you of how we would move forward. I addressed the regulations theologically, scientifically, legally, and politically. I knew that receiving a fine would be a real possibility. Having received one now, the course is unchanged. I remain resolved to stay the course and, like Paul, I plan to appeal to the protections and fundamental freedoms afforded Canadian citizens.

I have received an Order of an Executive Officer that outlines the expectations of Alberta Health Services for our gathering and another health inspector will be visiting the church premises this Sunday to see if we have implemented the order. It is likely Calgary bylaw officers or Calgary police will accompany them. Some of you may have heard one bylaw officer last Sunday who warned people both inside the church and outside that attending without a mask will mean you will receive a $1200 fine. Although it is highly unlikely that anyone besides myself will receive a fine, it is possible.

This Sunday, you’ll be welcome to gather in our main auditorium, downstairs in our distanced space, or tune in from home via livestream. Each person must be convinced in their own mind. As you weigh out your options and wrestle with this, let me share some information about legal concerns you may have.

• Violations of the health orders are not criminal offenses and conviction does not mean a criminal record. It’s more akin to a speeding ticket (although, unlike a speeding ticket, there is a very strong defense to any ticket for not wearing a mask, not distancing, or attending a gathering, etc.).
• Organizations like the Justice Center for Constitutional Freedom and The Rebel have offered legal help free of charge.
• The legal process will be lengthy (taking many months). The plan is to plead innocent on the ground that the restrictions to our gatherings are unconstitutional and are violations of our charter freedoms.

Note: I have consulted with legal counsel in regard to these points. This is not legal advice but I’m communicating this content based on my discussions with counsel.

Why Not Comply?

There are a growing number of churches across our country who are finding themselves in legal battles over church closures and restrictions. Many pastors and elders have received fines or summons to appear in court. Why would these churches and leaders continue to refuse to comply with health orders?

For our church, there are two main areas of compliance we are not enforcing: (1) restricting gathering sizes to 15% capacity; and (2) ensuring that all persons in the building wear a mask.

Limiting Gathering Size to Ensure Physical Distancing
When it comes to the 15% capacity limit, could we not assemble in multiple groups? Haven’t other churches been creative in doing more online, meeting in small groups, having multiple services, or drive-in services? We have hosted multiple services before, but at the current restriction, our auditorium could accommodate 18 people at one time according to calculations provided at Alberta.ca which would mean we would need at least 8 services.

Everyone will admit that these options have weaknesses and are not ideal. No one would move to these formats if it was not for external circumstances like a pandemic or government orders. What are those weaknesses?

The problem is that these alternative ways to “do church” are pastor-centric rather than church-centric. Sunday worship can become more like a performance or TED talk where people consume what the pastor says with little to no interaction with the people (i.e., the church). These alternatives can strain the very definition of church (Gr. ekklesia) which is an assembly.

The church gathering is more than listening to a message or hearing Christian worship. It involves fellowship, and the communion of the Lord’s Supper (1 Cor 11 mentions “when you come together” five times when instructions concerning the Supper are given to the church). It involves singing songs to one another (Eph 5:19; Col 3:16), and the closer we get to Christ’s return, the more we are encouraged to gather together and spur each other on (Heb 10:24–25).

Many do believe that due to the present circumstances that alternatives for gathering, while not best, are not sinful, and in fact, are most wise at the present time. Others believe the present circumstances provide all the more reason to ensure the church is open and our gathering unhindered. Some feel that since these measures are temporary, we can accept them. Others feel that the word “temporary” is beyond strained since restrictions have been upon the church for 10 months with no sign of stopping for at least another year (regardless of vaccines, mask laws are in effect through December 2021).

Our church seeks to be a place for people to wrestle through these matters and to be convinced in their own mind before the Lord. As a pastor who will give an account to God, how can I force people against their conscience or restrict them from worshiping God according to their conscience?

Enforcing Masks
What about masks? Why don’t we simply ask everyone to wear one? How can masks be against a person’s religious convictions?

I’ve written before (here and here) that masks—and other medical choices—are choices that should be made by individuals, not government or church leaders. Most people would agree to this reasoning for vaccines but as masks are less invasive, enforcing masks seems to be acceptable.

So the question is, are masks invasive to the practice of worship at the gathered assembly? Many would say no. Others would say yes. Why would some believe wearing a mask impedes their ability to faithfully gather in worship?

First, as people made in the image of God, we possess inherent rights and responsibilities. Often these rights are assumed or implied. For instance, the command “You shalt not steal” implies personal property rights. Likewise, the command “You shalt not murder (or rape or assault)” implies personal body rights. Many are convinced that we cannot lightly dismiss these rights and freedoms rooted in the image of God (Gen 9:6) by enforcing what people wear on their own face when they come to worship God.

Second, some would argue that masks hinder fellowship and veil our humanity. Our face, more than anything else, conveys our identity. A quick flip through any photo album or year book is more than sufficient to prove this point. In addition, our face, unveiled, is a key element in true fellowship. Consider how many times (17 in fact!) the Bible uses the term “face to face” to describe fellowship or a close relationship. Paul expresses a longing, not just to communicate via letters, but he earnestly prays day and night so that he can be with the church and see them face to face (1 Thess 2:17; 3:10).

Having said this, some believers are convinced that although masks do not allow for us to see each other’s face fully, it is acceptable for a temporary period of time. Before the latest restrictions, many gathered with masks on because they saw the importance of being physically present with others. For example, Moses spoke with God face to face (Ex 33:11), but not literally, else he would die (Ex 32:20). As such, some see face to face as being in the presence of others and not always implying literally seeing each other’s face.

For these reasons, the choice of wearing a mask or not will remain your choice.

Limiting the Spread

I realize that not all Christians share these convictions nor will those without the Spirit of God understand them or why there is even a disagreement (1 Cor 2:14). Many, Christian or not, strongly believe that masks and gathering restrictions reduce the spread of COVID-19 and save lives.

Imagine if we completely restrict people from leaving their homes. Imagine if we restricted and enforced a policy that prevented any visitors, even family, from visiting that home. Imagine if the only contact people had (to get necessary food or supplies) was with trained professionals that wore full PPE and followed all health guidelines. This seems extreme, but would it not thwart the spread of COVID-19?

You don’t need to imagine such a scenario, it already exists in long-term care homes across the country. Yet, to date, long-term care centers account for more than 75% of all COVID related deaths. Outbreaks are continuing even with these strict measures in place.

So what is the solution? We must continue to do our best to protect the most vulnerable as we have done with previous infectious diseases, but the church, at the forefront of the holistic health of individuals and the nation, must remain free to gather, worship, fellowship, and minister the saving gospel of Jesus Christ in every area of life to the glory of God.

We have seen many join our church in recent months who would be on the verge of emotional and spiritual ruin apart from the continued presence of the church and a family of believers who come together face to face. God is at work today, and he is at work through the church.

—Tim Stephens

New health restrictions were announced this Tuesday that take effect this Sunday, December 13^th. Concerning the church, these new restrictions would limit our gathering for worship to 22 people (15% capacity) and forbid us from finding a larger venue to gather in greater numbers. They also forbid any social gatherings of any size both inside or outside. This effectively forbids us from gathering together in worship as a church.

So what shall we do? Before I tell you, I know many will be disappointed, some even angered by this communiqué. On the other hand, many will be relieved, some even joyful over what I’ve written. COVID-19 and issues surrounding it have been divisive in society and in the church. That saddens me as I’m sure it saddens you. Romans 14 and 1 Corinthians 8 reminds us to be mindful of one another and not to put any obstacle before one another that may lead a brother or sister in Christ to sin. Ben and I have made every effort to be mindful of all of you as we discussed the current situation we find ourselves in. Let us, even in disagreement, not bring judgment upon one another knowing that we all must answer to the Lord (Rom 14:4, 10). Our goal is to have the word of God inform our conscience and act accordingly. Neither Ben nor myself wish to bind your conscience before the Lord. Rather we want you all to be persuaded by Scripture and serve the Lord as he leads.

I trust that when we are mindful of the teachings of our God, charity, grace, and liberty in Christ, we can navigate this year in greater unity than the world.

With that reminder and exhortation, what are we doing this Sunday? We will provide an opportunity for those who wish to gather to do just that. Those who are not inclined to attend in person for various reasons are encouraged to join in worship either downstairs or online. Whichever way you decide, may we encourage one another throughout this difficult season.

I give more details on our gatherings at the end of this letter, but I want you to consider this issue of gatherings and guidelines from a few different angles. We’ll consider the issue theologically, scientifically, legally, and politically.

Theologically

The Bible is clear in the following:

• Jesus is King over all the earth, including all kings, powers, and nations (Matt 28:18; Ps 2; Rev 1:5; Col 1:16; 1 Tim 6:15; Rev 17:14; 19:16).
• Our civil government including our mayor, premier, and prime minister all answer to God as his servants (Rom 13:1­­­­–4).
• Christ is Lord over all and head directly over the church (Eph 1:20–21). There are no earthly magistrates between the church and Jesus.
• With Christ as head over all, his law rules over all. Everyone will be held accountable to God’s law (Rom 3:19).
• We are called to honor and obey our governing authorities in the state (Rom 13:1–7; 1 Pet 2:13–17), church (Heb 13:17), and home (Eph 5:22–33) unless they (1) forbid what God commands; (2) command what God forbids; or (3) command what is not theirs to command (Daniel 3, 6, Acts 5:29).
• We are commanded to gather especially as the Day draws nearer (Heb 10:25). We are commanded to practice hospitality (1 Pet 4:9; Rom 12:13); sing to one another (Eph 5:19; Col 3:16), celebrate the Lord’s Supper (1 Cor 11:17–34), and care for the elderly, widows, and orphans (Jas 1:27).
• The church, being free from earthly rule under the lordship of Jesus, elects its own leaders who lead, teach, guide, and care for the church (Acts 6:5, 20:28; Tit 1:5).

Our church’s statement of faith affirms these truths when it says, “We believe in the entire separation of the church and state.” That is, both institutions are answerable to God, but not answerable to one another. The state has no jurisdiction over the church and its worship. Our statement of faith also declares, “We believe the first day of the week is the Lord’s Day commemorating the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ; and that it is the divinely appointed day to be kept sacred for worship and spiritual exercise.” And finally, our statement says, “We believe that civil government is of divine appointment for the interest and good order of society; that the magistrates are to be prayed for, conscientiously honored and obeyed except only in the things opposed to the will of our Lord Jesus Christ, Who is the only Lord of the conscience and Prince of the Kings of the earth.”

With these truths, it is clear that the church is not beholden to earthly rulers to regulate its worship, gatherings, ministries, or mission. The church historic, has at times of war or plague, canceled its gatherings for a temporary period of its own volition. This could even be done under the advisement of civil authorities like we have done in the past. The church is free to establish the best course to follow God’s word even in the midst of trying and unusual circumstances.

Scientifically/Medically

We have access to more information than any other time in history. I’m not an expert in this field compared to biblical matters, but the Government of Alberta has made information available to help us all be educated on COVID and make wise choices.

Let me say this clearly. This virus is real and this virus is serious. It is especially serious for the elderly at the end of life with multiple existing health conditions. We must all acknowledge that the effectiveness and consequences of mandatory masks and lockdowns can be debated from both sides. We must all acknowledge that the right strategies to mitigate risk can be argued from both sides. We must all acknowledge that some will take greater precautions because they are at risk or those close to them are at risk. We must all acknowledge that some are at very low risk and people have different tolerances for risk.

I know there are sharp disagreements as data is presented, but its important for us to be up to date.

• Over 660 people have died across Alberta with COVID-19.
• Currently 124 people are in ICU’s across Alberta with COVID-19.
• Currently almost 700 people are in the hospitals across Alberta with COVID-19.
• There are more than 20,000 active cases across the province.
• The average age of those dying with COVID (82) matches the average age of death in Alberta (81.8). That is, COVID has not affected the statistical averages for deaths or age of death. The data we’re given show that 2020 is a typical year in Alberta or Canada in regard to the number of people who die (500 every week in Alberta). The cause of death related to COVID is up, but deaths related to other causes has declined. While all death is tragic and a reminder of the curse upon the earth that can only be reversed by Jesus, the deaths we are seeing today are not out of the ordinary in a fallen world.
• 11 people have died with COVID-19 without a comorbidity.
• 24 people have died with COVID-19 under the age of 60.
• As case numbers rise, the hospitalization rate (4.1% on October 29, 3.3% on December 10) and death rate (1.1% on October 29, 0.9% on December 10) are dropping.
• Almost all deaths in the province are in nursing homes that care for people at the very end of life.
• The majority of the population will not be seriously affected by this virus.

Even with this brief snapshot we can see why some would be most comfortable to take all the precautions  and stay home and why others would be most comfortable to continue to gather together. Let’s seek to have understanding for one another in this regard.

Legally

As citizens of Canada our highest law is the constitution. Within the constitution is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Explicit is the freedom to assemble, express oneself, and religious worship and practice. These are not selfish freedoms to lord over others, these are laws to protect citizens from the government. These are laws to protect individuals, families, and churches from interference by civil magistrates.

While some might compare the church to other restricted activities like restaurants or casinos, those activities are not constitutionally protected rights. Our constitution states that Canada was founded upon the supremacy of God and the rule of law. Not all freedoms are the same. Fundamental is the right to gather and worship. We are not defying the law as we gather for worship in Canada, rather we uphold the law.

Protections are in place even in our criminal code. Police or other civil servants cannot stop a religious gathering or the ministry of the church (even under a civil ordinance like the present) as per section 176 of the Criminal Code of Canada.

Appealing to the law is not selfish. Paul appealed to the law so that the gospel could continue. We can appeal to the law so that worship can continue.

Politically

No one can deny that COVID has become a political issue. This is a problem since politics muddies up scientific or medical research and results. Evolution became a political issue and creationism and intelligent design were banned in schools. Transgenderism was called gender dysphoria and scientifically and medically was a mental illness. Science understood gender to be based on chromosomes, not feelings. Politics entered and now transgenderism is backed by science and medicine. The same is true for homosexuality and climate change. Science is a pursuit, that when politics enters, suddenly becomes a wax nose that can be bent any which way.

Add to this the political correctness of cancel culture, fact-checking, and narratives that silence any dissent. Only the doctors or nurses that agree with the official position are given voice. Others are discredited, ridiculed, or worse. How can we trust science and medicine when politics is involved?

Then there are people like our Prime Minister, who announces to the world that this pandemic is an opportunity to re-imagine our society and economy (a great reset). This re-imagining is thoroughly unchristian in its goals and methods. They openly and specifically aim to change our society away from its Christian foundations and values. One can understand why some church goers are leery to close the doors under such a banner.

We are all engaged in a spiritual conflict together that involves rulers, principalities, and the forces of darkness. We are all called to be on guard, armed with armor of God, including the shield of faith, the belt of truth, and the sword of the Spirit.

The Bottom Line

Knowing that not everyone is in agreement, we will leave it up to each individual/family to follow their own conscience before the Lord—a course we have sought to follow throughout this year.

May God grant you wisdom, courage, love, and tenderness as you think through these things.

Tim Stephens

Questions and Objections

What about multiple smaller services?
First, there are the theological implications of having multiple assemblies. The word church means assembly and so the gathering of the saints together and at one time (even if some are remotely tuned in during this unusual time) is essential to what it means to be a church. There are also questions surrounding what multiple services means for the Lord’s Supper. We want to first and foremost be careful to follow the commands of Scripture and be mindful about making practical changes that may deviate from our Lord’s commands.

Second, we would need 7 to 8 services on Sunday to accommodate, a logistical impossibility.

Third, we are always shooting at a moving target. We were asked to reduce our gatherings to 30% for three weeks. We ran three services as a temporary measure but after two weeks the reduction was changed to 15% for the next four weeks.

Why is there little concern about spreading the disease and hurting others? Aren’t many churches online as an act of loving their neighbor?
It is true that many churches (the majority) have chosen to have online services during this time as an act of love for their neighbors by reducing interaction and the potential spread of the virus.

It’s important to know there are many expressions of love toward neighbor. An online chat or text is encouraging and loving. Others need a face to face conversation and others need a hug. Some will risk illness in order to love those in the body who need the gathered family of believers. For some, gathering together is an essential act of love.

We must be mindful how we define love for God and love for neighbor and then use our definitions to judge each other.

What about government health orders?
We have no intention of gaining notoriety or to be defiant to our leaders. We honor them, pray for them, and thank God for them. They are in an incredibly difficult position. Unfortunately we’ve been put in an incredibly difficult decision by the orders they’ve given. We must understand that some feel this is a time that we must obey God rather than men (Acts 5:29).

Aren’t Christians supposed to be selfless and give up their rights rather than trying to fight for them?
Our highest laws in Canada and the rights they seek to preserve are important but not the highest law that we have. Many see gathering for worship not as an issue or rights to be selfishly hung onto, but a duty and responsibility commanded by God in his word. At the end of the day, regardless of where we fall on these issues, this is what we all want to encourage each other to do: to obey God above all else as an act of love and devotion to him.

This week has been a difficult week. For myself, this week was spent from morning hours to late at night in reading, research, prayer, writing, weeping, more prayer, phone calls, debate and discussion. I’ve heard from doctors, lawyers, and poured over the writings of many pastors in Canada as we seek to navigate through these times. I’ve written a number of emails and responses, most of which haven’t seen anyone’s eyes but my own.

My struggle is seeking to navigate our church through the current outbreak of COVID-19 in a biblical way. Understanding the Bible is much easier than understanding the world in which we are living. I’m convinced that the Bible teaches that we are to honor and obey our governing authorities (Romans 13, 1 Peter 2, Titus 3). But we know there are limits on earthly authorities. A wife shouldn’t be told to submit to an abusive husband by quoting Ephesians 5:22. A pastor should be resisted if he quotes Hebrews 13:17 and demands that everyone in the church must donate 10% of their wages.

The question we are faced with is this: Are the government’s mandates related to COVID-19 unreasonable or an abuse of their power?

That answer will depend on how you view the government, how you view civil liberties, and how you view the threat of COVID-19.

For myself, I view the government as good and one who upholds justice (Romans 13:1–7). In our age there are real dangers as the government assumes roles that God gives to the individual or family (i.e., means of production, education, health, etc). We should be cautious, but not overly critical since our government today does many good things and is very much needed. I’m convinced that we must obey God rather than men when the government forbids what God commands or commands what God forbids.

Concerning civil liberties, I’m an ardent advocate for the liberty of the individual and the liberty of the church. These biblical liberties are founded in the image of God in man and the Lordship of Christ over the individual and the church. These liberties include worship, assembly, education, and healthcare.

Lastly, and most tentatively, is how I see the threat of COVID-19.

In March, when the world was seeking to understand COVID-19 there was real panic. Everything was shut down causing untold damage to lives and livelihoods. The forecasted health crisis never materialized. Our church willingly followed the request to close for a time but began gathering again when it seemed apparent that health orders were unreasonable and did not respect the church nor individual liberty.

Now as we are about to enter December and as restrictions increase and are enforced, many are understandably resistant. Models in the spring were off in many orders of magnitude. No one wants to be fooled twice. No one wants to see the church closed or open at the whim of leaders armed with fanciful computer models.

As I’ve wrestled with this. I’ve asked myself this question: If March didn’t happen and we weren’t closed for weeks with little justification, how would I respond now? I have no doubt we would follow the mandates as best we can. That’s what everyone did in March—even those ardently advocating for churches to remain open today who are mindful of technocracy, and who have a high regard for civil liberties.

So the question we must wrestle with is this: Are we being taken for another ride? Is the government unreasonable for asking churches to restrict our gatherings? Is COVID-19 that bad? Are we responding to what happened in the spring vs. what is happening now?

Churches in past centuries have chosen, of their own accord, not to gather or visit house to house because of pestilence or plague. COVID-19 is certainly not in the same category as the Bubonic Plague or the Spanish Flu. Many reports circulate questioning the validity of PCR tests and mild symptoms in many age demographics. The average age of those dying with COVID in Alberta matches life expectancy. Yet many continue to warn about the danger of this disease. How do we know we aren’t being hoodwinked by unfounded panic or some plot to usher in more government control and fewer civil liberties?

Difficult questions. What was brought to my attention this week was the rising ICU numbers in Alberta. Regardless of the efficacy of tests, the writings of doctors on both sides of the debate, or computer models, ICU admissions are real people who are very sick. Alberta this week had to expand its ICU capacity to handle the increasing load. The people in the ICU are not those in long term care homes at the very end of life. The average age of those in ICU is 61 and the number of people in the ICU is steadily increasing. In March through May there were a maximum of 20 people in the ICU. Today there are 86 (last week there were 55). Will that number continue to rise? Will restrictions be effective? I wish I had answers that were as sure as God’s written word.

And so we wrestle with the current government response. Is it called for? Should we follow their restrictions? Many have noted that they are putting less restrictions on the church and society now than they did in March even though the numbers are significantly higher now than they were then. I know our Premier is under incredible stress and I do believe he is trying to respect our own freedom and responsibilities that we have for our own health and worship.

As such, I think it best that we as individuals and as a church bear patiently with one another, seek to maintain unity, monitor closely the strain on our health system, and honor our government by complying with their requests for limiting our gatherings. We’ll re-evaluate in a few weeks as it seems very little can be predicted in 2020.

This Sunday

We’ll have three identical services at 9am, 11am, and 1pm. I will be preaching the same message in those services on the issues I’ve raised in this email. The livestream on YouTube will be available for the 11am service. Our Sunday evening service will remain as regularly scheduled at 6pm with Alex Russell preaching.

Please register in advance for your service of choice by emailing Alex Russell at alex.russell@fairviewbaptistchurch.ca. We’ll seek to honor a limit of 1/3 our building size.

Please be aware of the health measures that have been mandated. We will not enforce face coverings or physical distancing believing that such decisions are yours to make. However, I would ask that we seek to respect our differing convictions on the matter and be mindful that we are taking steps to limit the spread of this virus in an effort to reduce the strain on our healthcare workers who serve the sick.

I know this will shock some of you. I know it will not please many of you. I ask that you bear with my own weakness as a leader and pray that God would make it clear to all of us the course we must take together in future weeks.

Please call me or email me your feedback as I would love to entertain your questions or hear your thoughts.

I love you all dearly.

Tim Stephens

“Be subject for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether it be to the emperor as supreme, or to governors as sent by him to punish those who do evil and to praise those who do good. For this is the will of God, that by doing good you should put to silence the ignorance of foolish people. Live as people who are free, not using your freedom as a cover-up for evil, but living as servants of God. Honor everyone. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honor the emperor” (1 Peter 2:13-17).

This week, Alberta’s Chief Medical Officer issued an order concerning social gatherings in Edmonton and Calgary. This order, due to the revisions to the Public Health Act made earlier this year, is not a recommendation but is mandatory and can be penalized with fines if violated.

While this new order doesn’t apply to worship services directly, it would apply to all social events (birthday parties, wedding receptions, hospitality in our homes, and the evening we have planned for this Saturday).

The reason cited for increased lockdowns and restrictions is an increase in the case counts of COVID-19. It must be noted that such restrictions remove liberties explicitly listed and honored in our constitution. As such, the Justice Center for Constitutional Freedoms released a statement today that I would encourage you to read.

At Fairview we will continue the course we’ve already established. We want you to make informed decisions and will not mandate or follow orders that violate the commands of our Lord (including gospel proclamation, worship, hospitality, bearing one another’s burdens, fellowship, etc). Nor will we follow orders that violate the liberties afforded to us under God with the accompanying responsibilities given to the individual, the family, and the church. We will continue as we were before these recent orders were issued.

As Christians, we must be people of discernment and truth. In April, a release from the Alberta government predicted 800,000 infections with 400 to 3,100 deaths. There was a great concern for the safety of Albertans and severe outcomes from COVID.

Risk of Severe Outcomes
At this point, 308 Albertans have died with COVID. Death is a terrible reality that we all face and losing loved ones is especially hard. However, in making good judgments, the context of these deaths must be considered. Consider the following:

• Around 26,000 Albertans die every year. Which is an average of 500 people every week.
• Life expectancy in Alberta is 81.5. The average age in Alberta of someone dying with COVID is 82.
• With more than 27,000 confirmed cases, the death rate is 1.1%. This means that 98.9% of positive cases survive COVID.
• It’s well known that infants, school age and working age people are at extremely low risk for severe outcomes due to COVID.
• Most who die with COVID have 3 or more comorbidities. These are serious illnesses that carry the risk of death. Alberta health uses the following list: Diabetes, Hypertension, COPD, Cancer, Dementia, Stroke, Liver cirrhosis, Cardiovascular diseases (including IHD and Congestive heart failure), Chronic kidney disease, and Immuno-deficiency.
• Only 9 Albertans have died with COVID who did not have any of the comorbidities listed.
• Without the comorbidities above, the death rate drops to 0.03%. This means that 99.97% of infections without a comorbidity survive COVID.
• At the current rate of 44 people dying with COVID every month, approximately 528 people will die with this disease in one year. Compared to 2018, COVID deaths would be 11^th in the leading causes of death and account for 2% of all the deaths in the province.
• In 2018, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases accounted for 722 deaths. This is greater than the projected number of COVID deaths this year.
• Some might argue that COVID results in preventable deaths since it is a contagious disease unlike most other causes of death. This may be a difficult case to make due to the average age of COVID deaths and comorbidity factors. Notwithstanding, COVID is certainly not alone in the preventable death category. In 2018, 308 people died from suicide and 833 people died from drug overdoses. In Alberta, roughly 12,000 babies are murdered in the womb each year (1,000 every month!).

This information should not be regarded as a minimizing of death and tragedy, but we must be informed with truth and correct information.

For more visual people, I’ve included a chart with infections and deaths with data provide from Alberta Health Services. It should be noted from this chart that the number of infections does not correlate directly to the number of deaths.

Hospital Capacity
Of course, death is not the only issue with COVID. Many are concerned with the hospitals’ ability to handle the influx of patience. In April, our province was ready with 2250 available beds for COVID patients with an ICU capacity of more than 1000. The call was to flatten the curve to keep the hospitals from getting overwhelmed.

At this point, the highest number of patients in hospitals in Alberta with COVID was 112. The highest number of people in the ICU across Alberta was 22. Alberta has not even reached 5% of their planned COVID capacity and only 2% of the ICU capacity has been used.

Alberta has not released the detailed information on hospitalizations so I’ve superimposed their chart onto the chart above so you can see infections, deaths, hospitalizations, and ICU patients in one place.

All the data for this email was sourced through the Alberta government. It is clear that even when infections increase (during cold and flu season) it does not follow that there is an increase in risk of severe outcomes, nor in overwhelming hospital capacity.

Christian Witness
Finally, and most importantly, as people of discernment, truth, and courage, we must not be quarrelsome but rather we must be people of love, care, joy, patience, and compassion.

“For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation for all people, training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright, and godly lives in the present age, waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people for his own possession who are zealous for good works.

Declare these things; exhort and rebuke with all authority. Let no one disregard you. Remind them to be submissive to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work, to speak evil of no one, to avoid quarreling, to be gentle, and to show perfect courtesy toward all people” (Titus 2:11-3:2).

May God grant you wisdom in all things.
—Tim Stephens

This year has been a cause for much reflection on the roles of state and church and their respective jurisdiction. We are citizens of the kingdom of God and citizens of Canada. I want to consider today this dual citizenship. Let’s begin by considering Paul the Apostle and the frequent opposition he faced.

Paul in Philippi (Acts 16)

Paul and Silas were opposed for causing a disturbance in the city through preaching the gospel. The crowds were enraged and the magistrates joined in on condemning them. They were beaten with rods publicly and put in prison. The next day, the magistrates ordered them released but Paul, pointing to his citizenship, argued that they were treated unfairly. He and Silas, as Roman citizens, had the right to a fair trial. A presumption of innocence, rather than guilt, was owed to them as citizens. When the magistrates heard that they were citizens, they were afraid and came to personally apologize to Paul and Silas.

Paul in Jerusalem (Acts 21–23)

Paul found himself again in the center of controversy as he visited Jerusalem to deliver aid to the believers there. While he was not preaching or teaching, his reputation among the Jews was known and so a crowd formed accusing him of turning people away from the laws of Moses. It was turning violent so Roman soldiers intervened. The Roman tribune ordered Paul to be “examined by flogging” to which Paul said, “Is it lawful for you to flog a man who is a Roman citizen and uncondemned?” (Acts 22:25). The tribune was then afraid that he had bound a Roman citizen which is contrary to Roman law. From then on, Paul was then protected from the mob and a fair trial was sought. When further plots were revealed against Paul, the tribune sent him to Caesarea for his own safety.

Paul in Caesarea (Acts 24–25)

In Caesarea, Paul was under house arrest while a decision was to be made concerning the accusations made against him. It was during this time that Paul, again using his rights as a Roman citizen, appealed to Caesar, the highest court in the Roman Empire.

In all three cases, Paul dealt with angry crowds, local magistrates, law enforcement, and governors by appealing to a higher authority—the rights afforded to a Roman citizen. Local magistrates, law enforcement, or governors had an obligation to respect the rights afforded to citizens. They were bound to follow the laws of the land and they had no authority to change them or restrict a citizens’ rights in any way.
 

Christians in Canada

Whatever lessons may be learned from these interactions, one thing is clear. It is not out of place for Christians in Canada to appeal to the rights afforded to citizens of Canada for the sake of Christ and the gospel. In Canada, our highest appeal is not to Caesar but to the constitution. Local magistrates, city councillors, provincial premiers, not even the prime minister of Canada has the authority to remove or withhold the rights afforded to all citizens of Canada penned in the constitution.

The constitution is Canada’s highest law. Part of the constitution is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Charter begins with these words, “Whereas Canada is founded upon principles that recognize the supremacy of God and the rule of law: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject only to such reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society. Everyone has the following fundamental freedoms: (a) freedom of conscience and religion; (b) freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication; (c) freedom of peaceful assembly; and (d) freedom of association.”

What the Canadian constitution states (upon the foundation of the supremacy of God and his law) is that all citizens of Canada have fundamental freedoms. These freedoms include religious worship, religious belief and expression, peaceful assembly and freedom of association.
 

Churches in Canada

There are many who consider churches who choose not to restrict attendance, nor enforce physical distancing, nor enforce mask mandates are acting in defiance to the government and are therefore in defiance to God and his rule (cf. Romans 13:1-6). However, there is a higher authority in our country than recent edicts and restrictions, namely, the constitution. Churches who choose not to follow all government health orders are legally operating according to the rights granted to citizens of our country. Churches and Christians have the freedom in Canada to freely assemble and freely practice religion. In fact, one could argue that it is not churches who are defying the law, it is the civil magistrates who are defying the laws of our country. No level of government has legal authority to cancel church or Thanksgiving dinner. In doing so, they violate the constitution, the nation’s highest law.

Now, it is true that the Charter allows for limits on fundamental freedoms that are “demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society.” Lawyers at The Justice Center for Constitution Freedoms, who are experts in constitutional law, wrote a comprehensive paper back in May to argue that COVID-19 does not give justification to violate the fundamental freedoms of Canadian citizens. I commend that paper and their more recent work to you.

In following Paul, as one with dual citizenship, we can appeal to our earthly citizenship to advance the gospel and continue to worship our great God. In fact, in a democratic society, as citizens who are involved in the governance of our nation, it is incumbent upon us to value and defend the freedoms we are afforded as citizens. People who do not value freedom will soon find it taken away.

Lockdowns, closures, and cancelations have gone on for seven months in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19. In many jurisdictions in Canada (like Ontario and Quebec), restrictions are increasing. The same kind of restrictions may soon be coming to Alberta. Seven months in, we know more about the virus and the consequence of decisions designed to protect people—especially the most vulnerable. It is clear now that lockdowns, closures, and cancelations lasting months on end are not protecting our society, but hurting us and the most vulnerable all around the world.

Consider the following impacts:

1. Economic
Federally, a $400 billion this year will have long term negative consequences for all Canadians. Locally, many businesses have been forced to closed. Of course, there are always winners and losers but businesses should rise or fall on their own merits rather than be forced into closure due to government decisions.

It can be argued that such losses are acceptable given the many who have died with COVID. But the developing world has suffered much more.

It is estimated that our response to COVID will put more than 70 million people into extreme poverty. The World Bank, which tracks global poverty, says, “Under the baseline scenario we estimate that COVID-19 will push 71 million into extreme poverty , measured at the international poverty line of $1.90 per day. With the downside scenario, this increases to 100 million.”

In our city, lockdowns are having negative impacts. In developing countries, lockdowns are devastating to human life. Almost twice the population of Canada will be forced into extreme poverty! Millions of people with no ability to work online or receive government support. It must also be remembered that in these countries, they generally have a lower risk of severe outcomes from COVID as their populations are much younger. 

One UN article sums it up: “The effects of the pandemic have devastated the most vulnerable and left them further behind.”

Don’t misunderstand me. Economic impact is not just dollars and cents. It is about the wellbeing of millions of people that have been adversely affected, not by a virus, but by government lockdowns lasting month after month. Lockdowns have done severe damage to the livelihoods of many more than COVID would. The poor suffer the most with an increase in starvation, disease, human trafficking and slavery, violence, crime, and other abuses. Many lives—the most vulnerable lives—jeopardized because of government lockdowns.

2. Education and Future Prospects
It is clear that educational institutions have been disrupted here in Canada and around the world. Lockdowns affect learning, graduation, school admissions, scholarships, and entering the workforce. While these are serious consequences, the problems for the most vulnerable in the world are far worse.

Research estimates 1.7 billion children in 188 countries have been negatively affected. The poorest people do not have access to a computer or live in a country with the infrastructure to accommodate online learning. In addition, research suggests that malnutrition, healthcare, homelessness and various other social and economic issues result.

It must be remembered that the average age of death with COVID matches the life-expectancy in most places. Children, while suffering no serious effects from COVID, are suffering the disruption of their education because of extended lockdowns. Their future is jeopardized in an effort to stop a virus that no lockdown has been able to stop.

3. Health Care
We were told that we must reduce the spread of COVID to prevent hospitals from being overwhelmed. Flatten the curve was a repeated refrain. According to a CBC article, in Alberta, 2,200 beds were made ready for COVID patients but only 10% were used during the height of infections. To empty those beds, 900 seniors were discharged, 22,000 surgeries were canceled or postponed (creating a two year backlog), and at least one man died waiting for a nonessential surgery. The same result is seen in other places.

At the same time, we’ve seen huge increases in drug addictions, overdoses, and suicides. Mental health issues have also increased. Doctors have recently been vocal in speaking out against the damage of lockdowns.

Please don’t think I’m being uncaring for those who are at risk for serious outcomes if they contract COVID-19. We should care for those vulnerable to COVID-19 and care for those vulnerable to the terrible effects of long-term lockdown measures. I have no doubt that our governing authorities mean well and that short-term lockdowns may be warranted in extreme circumstances. But the fact remains that long-term lockdowns are having long-term negative effects on people all over the world.
 

Applying Biblical Justice

In thinking about this issue, are we left with weighing pros and cons of lockdown or no lockdown? Are we stuck with computer models or “experts” who think they can run an entire society? Are we left without a objection when we are told that if we did not lockdown, the consequences would have been much worse? Does the Scripture give us some insight and direction? Does God’s word speak to this issue? Yes it does!

Consider how understanding biblical truth helps us navigate this issue:

1. Isolating the sick is a righteous principle from the law of God.
Biblically, it makes sense to quarantine the contagiously sick. Leviticus 13:46 says, “He shall remain unclean as long as he has the disease. He is unclean. He shall live alone. His dwelling shall be outside the camp.”

However, isolating the healthy is not a biblical principle and brings with it the damaging effects noted above.

2. Preventing someone from working or earning a living is biblically unlawful.
The law of God is written in what is called case law. A case is given where the principle is applied to a variety of situations. There is one law that is important for us to consider.

Deuteronomy 24:6 says, “No one shall take a mill or an upper millstone in pledge, for that would be taking a life in pledge.” That is, if you take a mill as collateral, you are taking away a person’s livelihood, and in essence jeopardizing their very life as they depend on it. As one commentator writes, “No matter what the circumstances may be, we do not have the moral right to take from another person their means of livelihood” (Christensen, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 6B, p. 573).

To impede or take away one’s source of income and livelihood is unjust according to Scripture. Actions that prevent someone from working and earning a living is biblically unlawful. Lockdowns are biblically unjust.

3. The world needs Jesus to conquer fear and death, not extended lockdowns.
It can’t be disputed that the world’s response to this virus is in large part due to fear of death. Lockdowns continue because of this fear. Human governments believe they have the power to stop a virus—to be our savior. They have elevated their authority well beyond their biblical mandate.

But the remedy to this fear can only be found in the one, true Savior, Jesus Christ. As Christians, we have not been given a spirit of fear (2 Timothy 1:7), nor should we be anxious (Matthew 6:25). Rather, we must be a voice that calls people, not to fear death, but to fear God. More important than our body in danger of disease is our soul in danger of eternal separation from God (Matthew 10:28). What the world needs is Jesus.

With Jesus comes a new heart that does not fear, a delight in his law that grants us wisdom and discernment (for church and state), and a hope for the future that cannot be extinguished. It leads to a love for neighbor that takes seriously the threat of COVID (being mindful of spreading disease when you’re unwell and being extra careful around the most vulnerable) and the consequence of extended lockdowns that hurt people and go against biblical principles.

So let us live in light of God’s truth, understanding the goodness of God’s law, and call people to faith in Christ and trust in God’s word in a time of fear.

Tim Stephens